論工業社會及其未來-權力進程

THE POWER PROCESS

33

Human beings have a need (probably based in biology) for something that we will call the “power process.” This is closely related to the need for power (which is widely recognized) but is not quite the same thing. The power process has four elements. The three most clear-cut of these we call goal, effort and attainment of goal. (Everyone needs to have goals whose attainment requires effort, and needs to succeed in attaining at least some of his goals.) The fourth element is more difficult to define and may not be necessary for everyone. We call it autonomy and will discuss it later (paragraphs 42-44).

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權力進程

33

人類有一種需求（大概是基於生物性的原因）我們將稱之為「權力進程」。這和對權力的需求很像（人對權力的需求被普遍認同），但並不完全一樣。權力進程有四個要素。其中三個最明顯的我們稱為目標、努力與實現目標。（每個人都需要目標，這些目標需要透過努力實現，且他需要至少成功實現某些目標）第四個要素比較難定義且可能不是每個人都需要。我們稱之為自治並會在稍後討論。

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34

Consider the hypothetical case of a man who can have anything he wants just by wishing for it. Such a man has power, but he will develop serious psychological problems. At first he will have a lot of fun, but by and by he will become acutely bored and demoralized. Eventually he may become clinically depressed. History shows that leisured aristocracies tend to become decadent. This is not true of fighting aristocracies that have to struggle to maintain their power. But leisured, secure aristocracies that have no need to exert themselves usually become bored, hedonistic and demoralized, even though they have power. This shows that power is not enough. One must have goals toward which to exercise one’s power.

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34

假設一個人只靠許願就可以擁有所有他想要的東西。這樣的人擁有權力，但他將發展出嚴重的心理問題。一開始他會獲得許多樂趣，但漸漸地他會變得非常無聊且意志消沉。最終他可能會得憂鬱症。歷史表明悠閒的貴族傾向變得頹廢。需要鬥爭以維持權力的戰鬥貴族不會變成這樣。但悠閒的、地位穩固而不需要竭盡全力努力的貴族經常變成感到無聊、沉溺享樂及意氣消沉，即使他們握有權力。這顯示了僅有權力是不夠的。一個人需要有目標以行使權力。