联署:香港《国家安全法》是对学术自由的攻击
最近出台的《香港国家安全法》是中国党国对学术自由的直接攻击。大学本应是一个激烈辩论的地方,为教职员工和学生提供一个安全的空间,让他们毫无畏惧地讨论有争议的问题。《国家安全法》第三十八条规定的范围和适用性是全球性的,它将损害言论自由和学术自主,产生寒蝉效应,鼓励批评中国党国的人进行自我审查。
英国中国研究协会(BACS)指出:、
"《国家安全法》是全球性的。《国家安全法》规定,批评中国共产党的统治或发表关于党及其统治的颠覆性言论,无论个人在世界何处,也无论其公民身份如何,都是犯罪行为,可判处长期监禁"。
中国党国本身也证实了这一意义深远的解释,最近中国驻英国大使馆发表声明,宣称在伦敦焚烧中华人民共和国国旗和高呼口号的行为既违反了《中华人民共和国国旗法》,也违反了《国家安全法》。
BACS还警告说
"任何国家国籍的师生在经过香港或中国时,都有可能根据讲义、讲课录音、课堂讨论录音等证据被逮捕,因为这些证据中包含了党国认为是颠覆性的内容。对于在英国大学学习或曾在英国大学学习的中国大陆和香港的个人来说,风险尤其大。"
目前正在尝试保障与中国相关课程的学生。现在一些大学允许学生匿名提交课程作业。牛津大学宣布,"小组辅导将被一对一取代"。但这些权宜之计不足以解决教职员工和学生在课堂上的言论可能被举报的根本顾虑,无论是线上还是线下。
这些担忧是有根据的。众所周知,中国党国正在利用学生的武器来监控中国大陆和香港的大学导师。这种将学生工具化的企图并没有停止在珠三角中国的边境上。Vanessa Frangville教授透露,中国驻布鲁塞尔大使馆曾试图雇佣布鲁塞尔校园的学生来表达对2018年维吾尔族示威活动的不满。而莱比锡大学一名汉学讲师近日对香港活动人士Glacier Kwong说。
"他的学生来自香港、台湾和中国大陆,他们问是否可以放弃他的课,因为他们担心被联想到别人在课堂上对中共的批评。他的学生担心参与课堂,他们可能会被认为是麻烦制造者"。
这个例子是可能导致全球审查制度的更广泛趋势的典型。
不能指望大学单独解决这个问题。牛津大学提出的措施对大多数大学来说并不现实;检查学生提交的论文是否抄袭的在线服务很容易受到网络攻击;仅仅是怀疑教职员工和学生可能会被举报给中国当局,就已经产生了寒蝉效应。
现在需要的是大学领导和学者、国会议员和政府高级官员的联合行动,以捍卫学术自主和言论自由。
美国常春藤盟校、由24所英国著名大学组成的罗素集团,以及欧洲、澳大利亚和新西兰的同行,都必须明确谴责这项法律。如果大学不明确谴责该法,那么他们就是在默默地支持该法。正如BACS所正确指出的那样:
"对《国家安全法》的非正式回应.不能是让教师在教学内容上采取谨慎态度,也不能因为因为这些与中国有关的课程模块太有挑战性,无法安全地讲授,而将其从大纲中删除"
国际立法者和政府高级官员必须采取措施,确保更新立法,以创造一个能够充分行使学术自由的大学环境。他们应该向中国当局重申,香港《国家安全法》第三十八条是不可接受的,它使与中华人民共和国进行开放式的跨文化对话变得越来越困难。它把中共的非自由主义价值观,如 "七不讲"、"九号文件 "等编成法典。这种政治审查与追求知识和理解是对立的。它还阻碍了对公关中国及其在世界上的作用进行批判性的讨论。
Rolling list of signatories:
Vicky Xiuzhong Xiu, Australian Strategic Policy Institute
Akira Igata, Center for Rule-making Strategies, Tama University
Harriet Larrington-Spencer, University of Manchester/University of Salford
Jean-Philippe Béja, CERI-Sciences-Po, CNRS, Paris
Frank H. Finch III, University of New Haven
Teng Biao, City University of New York
Jessica Yeung, SOAS University of London
Jeppe Mulich City, University of London
Eli Friedman Cornell University
Magnus Fiskesjö, Cornell university
Donald Clarke, George Washington University Law School
Dr. Mareike Ohlberg, German Marshall Fund
Yasser Hussein Issa Mohammed, Hajjah University- Yemen
Colin Sparks, Hong Kong Baptist University
Glenn Tiffert, Hoover Institution
Ho-fung Hung, Johns Hopkins University
Hanna Burdorf , Newcastle University, UK
Eva Pils, King's College, London
Shaun O'Dwyer, Kyushu University
Subodh Patil, Leiden University
Stephen C K Chan, Lingnan University
James Rice, Lingnan University
William A. Callahan, London School of Economics and Political Science
Christopher Balding, Independent
Giulia Piccolino, Loughborough University
Richard McGregor, Lowy Institute
Charles Burton, Macdonald-Laurier Institute and European Values Center for Security Policy
Lucrezia Poggetti, Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS)
Kevin Carrico, Monash University
Thomas Chase, Monash University
Paul Maidowski, Independent researcher
Kwan Sze Pui Uganda, Nanyang Technological University
Kerim Friedman, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
David Emanuel Andersson, National Sun Yat-sen University
Stefanie Dr. Eschenlohr, National Taiwan University of Science & Technology
Ian Chong, National University of Singapore
Xun Zhou, The University of Essex
Craig Jones, Newcastle University
Dr Caleb Johnston, Newcastle University
Dr Jo Smith Finley, Newcastle University
Michael Tsang , Newcastle University
Martin Hála, Charles University, Prague
Dr Michael J Richardson, Newcastle University
Tao Zhang, Nottingham Trent University
Dr Lee Jones, Queen Mary University of London
Jonathan Eyal, Royal United Services Institute
David O'Brien, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
Corcuff Stéphane, Sciences Po Lyon
Daniel Garrett City, University Hong Kong
Dafydd Fell SOAS, University of London
Steve Tsang SOAS, University of London
Kharis Templeman, Stanford University
Torbjörn Lodén, Stockholm University
Geremie R Barmé, The Australian National University
Tom Cliff, The Australian National University
Harry Yi-Jui Wu, The University of Hong Kong
Alex Wang, UCLA
Ilan Saban, Univ. of Haifa, Israel
Filip Jirouš, Sinopsis
Vanessa Frangville, Université Libre de Bruxelles
Ondrej Klimes, Czech Academy of Sciences
Rebecca Ruth Gould, University of Birmingham
Benjamin Cheung, University of British Columbia
Dorothy J Solinger, University of California, Irvine
Ezra Shi Yanjun, National Dong Hwa University
Jeffrey Wasserstrom, University of California, Irvine
Kun-Chin Lin, University of Cambridge
Rowann Fitzpatrick, University of Central Lancashire
Dali Yang, University of Chicago
Max Roger Taylor, University of Dundee
Felix Boecking , University of Edinburgh
Martin Thorley, University of Exeter
Fredrik Fällman, University of Gothenburg
Avi Heinemann, University of Kent
Shakhar Rahav, University of Haifa
Alison W. Conner, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Sharon Yam, University of Kentucky
Toby Lincoln, University of Leicester
Elena Barabantseva, University of Manchester
June Teufel Dreyer, University of Miami
Yi Li Wu, University of Michigan
Vincent Wong, Osgoode Hall Law School
James Rogers, Independent Researcher
Steven Levine, University of Montana, Department of History
Victoria Hui, University of Notre Dame
Katharine Adeney, University of Nottingham
Dr Andreas Fulda, University of Nottingham Asia Research Institute
André Laliberté, University of Ottawa
Craig Clunas, University of Oxford
Margaret Hillenbrand, University of Oxford
Rachel Murphy, University of Oxford
Arthur Waldron, University of Pennsylvania
Chongyi Feng, University of Technology Sydney
Aki Tonami, University of Tsukuba
Jack Chen, University of Virginia
Dr Daniel Conway, University of Westminster
Professor Dibyesh Anand, University of Westminster
Björn Alpermann, University of Würzburg
Adrian Zenz, Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
Anne-Marie Brady, Wilson Center, DC/University of Canterbury, NZ
Michael Davis, Woodrow Wilson International Center
Evan Fowler, Henry Jackson Society
Caroline Bald , University of Essex
Michael Freeman, University of Essex
Catherine Churchman, Victoria University of Wellington
Alvin Y.H. Cheung, US-Asia Law Institute, NYU School of Law
Gerda Wielander, University of Westminster
Colin Samson, University of Essex
Kaori Abe, University of Hull
Roy Chan, University of Oregon
Gerda Wielander, University of Westminster
Kristin Shi-Kupfer, University of Trier
Hsien-Hsueh Huang, Tamkang University Taipei
Daniel Howe, City University of Hong Kong
Sarah Kirchberger, Institute for Security Policy at Kiel University
Sara Yau, City University Hong Kong
Thomas Boutonnet, University of Strasbourg, France
Colin Sparks, Hong Kong Baptist University
Alfred Wong, City University of Hong Kong
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