Liang
Liang

論工業社會及其未來-對自由的限縮在工業社會是無可避免的

114

如第 65–67,70–73 段所詳述的,現代人被一網規則和規定所束縛,他的命運取決於離他很遠且他所不能影響的人們的行動決定。這並非是意外或傲慢官僚組織任意產生的結果,而是技術先進社會必須且無可避免的結果。這體系必須要緊緊地約束人的行為以維持運作。工作時人們必須要做他們被告知要做的事,否則生產會一團亂。官僚組織必須要根據嚴格的規範行事。允許較基層的官僚任何重大的個人自由裁量會擾亂體系並導致因個別官僚行使其酌處權力而遭到不公的指控。無疑地,有些對我們自由的限制可被排除,但一般來說,大型組織對我們生活的管制對於工業-技術社會的運作是必要的。這導致一般人的無力感。然而,形式的規範有可能會大幅被心理學的工具取代以讓我們想要做那些體系想要我們做的事。(宣傳[14],教育的手段,「心理健康」計畫,等等。)

[14] 當某人認可在一些情況下使用宣傳的目的,他通常會稱其為「教育」或用一些相似的委婉說法。但不論出於什麼目的,宣傳就是宣傳。

RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM IS UNAVOIDABLE IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

114

As explained in paragraphs 65–67, 70–73, modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations, and his fate depends on the actions of persons remote from him whose decisions he cannot influence. This is not accidental or a result of the arbitrariness of arrogant bureaucrats. It is necessary and inevitable in any technologically advanced society. The system HAS TO regulate human behavior closely in order to function. At work people have to do what they are told to do, otherwise production would be thrown into chaos. Bureaucracies HAVE TO be run according to rigid rules. To allow any substantial personal discretion to lower-level bureaucrats would disrupt the system and lead to charges of unfairness due to differences in the way individual bureaucrats exercised their discretion. It is true that some restrictions on our freedom could be eliminated, but GENERALLY SPEAKING the regulation of our lives by large organizations is necessary for the functioning of industrial-technological society. The result is a sense of powerlessness on the part of the average person. It may be, however, that formal regulations will tend increasingly to be replaced by psychological tools that make us want to do what the system requires of us. (Propaganda [14], educational techniques, “mental health” programs, etc.)

[14] When someone approves of the purpose for which propaganda is being used in a given case, he generally calls it “education” or applies to it some similar euphemism. But propaganda is propaganda regardless of the purpose for which it is used.

可參考法蘭克福學派對於文化工業的批判。








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