論工業社會及其未來-48

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It is well known that crowding increases stress and aggression. The degree of crowding that exists today and the isolation of man from nature are consequences of technological progress. All pre-industrial societies were predominantly rural. The Industrial Revolution vastly increased the size of cities and the proportion of the population that lives in them, and modern agricultural technology has made it possible for the Earth to support a far denser population than it ever did before. (Also, technology exacerbates the effects of crowding because it puts increased disruptive powers in people’s hands. For example, a variety of noise- making devices: power mowers, radios, motorcycles, etc. If the use of these devices is unrestricted, people who want peace and quiet are frustrated by the noise. If their use is restricted, people who use the devices are frustrated by the regulations. But if these machines had never been invented there would have been no conflict and no frustration generated by them.)

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48

眾所皆知擁擠增加壓力和侵略性。今日的擁擠程度以及人與自然的隔離皆為科技進步的結果。所有前工業社會絕大多數是鄉村。工業革命大幅增加城市的大小以及居住在城市的人口比例，且現代農業技術使地球得以有可能支撐比以往更密集的人口。（此外，科技加劇了擁擠的影響，因為其將日益增加的破壞力交付人們手中。舉例來說，各種製造噪音的裝置：割草機、收音機、摩托車等等。若這些裝置的使用未加以限制，想要平和與寧靜的人會因噪音而沮喪。若它們的使用受限制，使用這些裝置的人會因限制而沮喪。但若這些機器從來不曾被發明，就不會因其產生衝突和沮喪。）