論工業社會及其未來-現代左派的心理

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MODERN LEFTISM

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Almost everyone will agree that we live in a deeply troubled society. One of the most widespread manifestations of the craziness of our world is leftism, so a discussion of the psychology of leftism can serve as an introduction to the discussion of the problems of modern society in general.

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現代左派的心理

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幾乎所有人都會同意我們活在一個充滿問題的社會。左派是其中一種社會瘋狂的普遍顯現，因此透過討論左派的心理可以做為討論現代社會問題的簡介。

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But what is leftism? During the first half of the 20th century leftism could have been practically identified with socialism. Today the movement is fragmented and it is not clear who can properly be called a leftist. When we speak of leftists in this article we have in mind mainly socialists, collectivists, “politically correct” types, feminists, gay and disability activists, animal rights activists and the like. But not everyone who is associated with one of these movements is a leftist. What we are trying to get at in discussing leftism is not so much movement or an ideology as a psychological type, or rather a collection of related types. Thus, what we mean by “leftism” will emerge more clearly in the course of our discussion of leftist psychology. (Also, see paragraphs 227-230.)

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但什麼是左派？在二十世紀中葉左派實務上可以被認為是社會主義。今日這運動已碎片化，很難釐清誰可以被合理的稱作左派。在這篇文章中所稱的左派主要是指社會主義者、集體主義者、「政治正確」類型的人、女性主義、同性戀及殘疾人權利倡議者、動物權利倡議者等等之類的人。但不是所有和這些運動有關聯的人都是左派。我們要探討的左派不是運動的或意識形態的，而是心理型態或是心理型態相關的集合。因此，我們所欲表達的左派會隨者我們對於左派心理的討論而逐漸清晰。

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Even so, our conception of leftism will remain a good deal less clear than we would wish, but there doesn’t seem to be any remedy for this. All we are trying to do here is indicate in a rough and approximate way the two psychological tendencies that we believe are the main driving force of modern leftism. We by no means claim to be telling the WHOLE truth about leftist psychology. Also, our discussion is meant to apply to modern leftism only. We leave open the question of the extent to which our discussion could be applied to the leftists of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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即便如此，我們對於左派的概念仍然不如我們希望的那樣清晰，但對此我們似乎無計可施。我們只想粗略的指出兩個心理傾向我們認為是驅動現代左派的主要力量。總之我們不可能完整描述所有的左派心理事實，只找出了重要的特徵。此外，我們的討論只限於現代左派，至於是否能延伸到十九世紀及二十世紀初的左派有待討論。

We by no means claim to be telling the WHOLE truth about leftist psychology. Also, our discussion is meant to apply to modern leftism only. We leave open the question of the extent to which our discussion could be applied to the leftists of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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The two psychological tendencies that underlie modern leftism we call “feelings of inferiority” and “oversocialization.” Feelings of inferiority are characteristic of modern leftism as a whole, while oversocialization is characteristic only of a certain segment of modern leftism; but this segment is highly influential.

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構成現代左派的兩個心理傾向我們稱為「自卑感」及「過度社會化」。自卑感是現代左派的整體特徵，而過分社會化是只有某些特定現代左派才有的特徵，但這群派別非常有影響力。

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Kaczynski 在這篇作品用了很大的篇幅批評「現代左派」。但我認為他所描述的是否可以視為是「現代左派」有待討論。他花了許多篇幅討論左派的精神狀態，雖然可以相信那些特徵非常有左派的特質，但我認為那些更應該是「現代社會」的普遍特徵。之後會有很大的篇幅討論「自卑感」及「過度社會化」的問題，非常精彩。