Thrombosis is no small matter, beware of being "plugged"

October 13th is the 8th World Thrombosis Day. Thrombosis is the common pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thromboembolism among the top three fatal cardiovascular diseases in the world. Nowadays, the incidence of various thromboembolic diseases remains high, and they are showing a trend of gradual younger age, which requires widespread attention.

99% of blood clots do not have any symptoms or feelings, you must pay special attention

"A thrombus is like a ghost wandering in a blood vessel. Once the blood vessel is blocked, the blood transport system will be paralyzed and there is a fatal danger. Moreover, thrombus can occur at any age and at any time, seriously threatening life and health." Chinese Academy of Sciences Tao Ning, an associate professor at the Institute of Biophysics, said that it is particularly important that 99% of thrombosis has no symptoms or feelings. He even went to the hospital’s cardio-cerebrovascular specialist for routine examinations. All indicators such as blood lipids, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram were normal, but people did not know that It happens suddenly when you feel or think that the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular problems are okay.

"No matter where the blood vessel is blocked, there is a common'murderer' thrombus." When it comes to why the blood vessels are blocked, Tao Ning said that a thrombus is a blood clot in layman's terms. Like a plug, it will block the passage of blood vessels in various parts of the body. , Resulting in a lack of blood supply to related organs, leading to sudden death. For example, blood clots in the blood vessels of the brain can cause cerebral infarction, blood clots in the coronary arteries can form myocardial infarction, and clogging of blood clots in the lungs is a pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis-related diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, lower limb vascular disease, etc., are serious injuries caused by thrombosis to the human body.

Thrombotic diseases are divided into arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis

"Thrombotic diseases include arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis is relatively more common, while venous thrombosis was once considered a rare disease and has not attracted enough attention." Tao Ning introduced, the most familiar heart and cerebral infarction. The root cause is arterial thrombosis. At present, hemorrhagic strokes in cardiovascular diseases have declined. However, the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease are still rising rapidly, the most obvious of which is myocardial infarction. Cerebral infarction, like myocardial infarction, is known for its high morbidity, disability, recurrence, and mortality.

"Venous thrombosis is called the'invisible killer.' The scary thing is that most of the venous thrombosis has no symptoms." Tao Ning said that its formation has three main factors, slow blood flow, venous wall damage and high blood. Coagulation state. Although venous thromboembolism ranks as the third largest cardiovascular "killer", the public awareness rate is very low. Patients with varicose veins, patients with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and patients with infections are sedentary and prolonged. People standing, pregnant women, etc. are all high-risk groups of venous thrombosis. After venous thrombosis occurs, symptoms such as redness, swelling, hardening, nodules, and spastic pain in the veins appear in mild cases, and deep phlebitis may develop in severe cases, with brown erythema on the skin, followed by purple-dark swelling, ulceration, and muscle atrophy. Necrosis, fever throughout the body, severe pain, and eventually may face amputation.

Lying and sitting for a long time may cause pulmonary embolism

"The most common type of venous embolism is pulmonary embolism. To put it simply, it is the general term for a series of clinical manifestations that occur when various emboli block the pulmonary artery or its branches. The most common of various emboli is thrombosis, and there are others. Fat embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, tumor embolism, etc. The most common thrombosis that causes pulmonary embolism is thrombosis from the deep veins of the lower extremities, and then flows through the systemic blood circulation to the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary thromboembolism occurs." Wang, Attending Physician, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital Akane reminded that many people choose to lie down and watch videos during the holidays, lying down to play games, lying down to watch TV...Lying for a long time and keeping a posture for a long time will cause blood flow to slow down, which will cause thrombosis in the legs in the long run; at the same time; , Decrease in drinking water will cause blood to thicken, blood clots will appear in a hypercoagulable state.

"Long sitting and lying for a long time can also cause other discomfort symptoms." Wang Qian said, such as slowing down the body's gastrointestinal motility, causing indigestion, hiccups, poor appetite, constipation and other uncomfortable symptoms; slowing the brain, Insensitive thinking, poor memory, and unresponsiveness. If it appears in a child, it is often said to be “stupid”; a long-term posture may cause blood to thicken and cause thrombus. This thrombus may not only appear in the lower limbs, but also the heart and blood vessels. Thrombus appears, leading to myocardial ischemia, pain in the precordial area, and even life-threatening acute myocardial infarction. In addition, there are various hazards such as early menopause and decreased immunity.

"The typical manifestations of pulmonary embolism are dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis." Wang Qian said, dyspnea may only be shortness of breath after exercise and chest tightness after exertion at the initial stage. In the later stage, suffocation gradually worsens, and even unable to move normally due to dyspnea. , More severe cases will suddenly suffocate and die; chest pain, in the early stage, some patients show pain in one side of the chest when inhaling deeply and coughing. If they are not treated in time, they will not dare to gasp or even breathe normally in the later stage. Becomes abnormally rapid, breathing frequently and shallowly; hemoptysis, usually large hemoptysis, will go to the hospital for treatment, after examination, pulmonary embolism can be judged, but some patients may only show blood in the sputum at the initial stage, which is not enough to attract attention The treatment is delayed, so if there is bloodshot in the sputum of unknown cause, you should go to the hospital in time. In addition, there are some other manifestations, such as restlessness, panic, palpitations, hypotension, syncope, and even sudden death are also common manifestations of pulmonary embolism.

"Pulmonary embolism is an emergency of the respiratory system that requires emergency treatment. It is similar to acute myocardial infarction and is very harmful to the human body." Wang Qian suggested that pulmonary embolism will cause pulmonary infarction, the body loses part of the respiratory function, and hypoxemia occurs. Even respiratory failure can seriously threaten the lives of patients; long-term chronic pulmonary embolism can cause pulmonary hypertension, right heart insufficiency, and chronic pulmonary heart disease; if the main blood vessels of the lungs are blocked, vital signs will be unstable, leading to low Blood pressure shock, even death and life-threatening. "About 70% of the emboli of pulmonary embolism come from the deep veins of the lower extremities. Avoiding sedentary or lying for a long time is an effective preventive measure." Wang Qian said, but for people who need to sit or lie for a long time for special reasons, it can be prevented as follows: Patients who need to stay in bed for a long time and cannot move around can be given anticoagulation therapy during hospitalization to reduce the hypercoagulable state of the blood. After the primary disease is controlled, patients are encouraged to get out of bed as soon as possible; white-collar workers who need to sit for a long time for work can often massage Calves and active ankles; people who travel by train or plane for a long time, it is recommended to get up and walk every 2 to 3 hours to promote blood circulation in the lower limbs.

Venous thrombosis is preventable and controllable

"In fact, venous thrombosis is completely preventable and controllable." Tao Ning said that in the past, the medical community believed that long-distance flights were closely related to the onset of deep vein thrombosis. The latest research found that sitting in front of a computer for a long time has become A major cause of the disease, medical experts call this disease "electronic thrombosis." Sitting in front of the computer for more than 90 minutes will reduce the blood flow in the knee by 50%, which will increase the probability of thrombosis. The World Health Organization reminds that 4 hours of inactivity will increase the risk of venous thrombosis.

"So, to stay away from venous thrombosis, exercise is an effective prevention and control measure." Tao Ning said, in life, to get rid of the habit of sedentary, you should rest for an hour and get up and move around with a computer. In terms of preventing thrombosis, walking can maintain aerobic metabolism, enhance cardiopulmonary function, promote blood circulation throughout the body, prevent the accumulation of blood lipids in the blood vessel wall, and prevent thrombosis. It is recommended to eat "natural aspirin" often, such as black fungus, ginger, garlic, onion, green tea, etc., eat less greasy, spicy and pungent foods, and eat more foods rich in vitamin C and plant protein. In addition, stabilizing blood pressure is also the key. Hypertensive patients are at high risk of thrombosis. The earlier the blood pressure is controlled, the sooner the blood vessels can be protected and the heart, brain, and kidney damage can be prevented.

With the continuous expansion of the thrombolytic therapy market, the competitive landscape of the thrombolytic drug market has gradually become fierce. According to Frost & Sullivan analysis, the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China in 2019 is approximately 2.004 billion yuan. At present, the largest single product of thrombolytic drug in my country is alteplase (rt-PA), which accounts for about 70.23% of the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China, and the sales scale is about 1.407 billion yuan.

The second largest category of thrombolytic drugs is urokinase, which accounts for approximately 14.67% of the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China, with a sales scale of approximately 294 million yuan. At present, the core product of Tasly, one of the giants in the thrombolytic drug industry, is Puyouk, the third largest thrombolytic drug product in China, accounting for approximately 12.24% of China's thrombolytic drug market.

However, the current thrombolytic drugs, recombinant urokinase and rt-PA, which are commonly used in the market, have a short half-life of only 4-8 minutes, which cannot alleviate the incidence of acute thrombosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more new drugs or new therapies to effectively relieve and treat acute thrombosis.

The biomacromolecule drug delivery carrier YB1 independently developed by Hong Kong Pharmaceuticals Oncolysis can carry the thrombolytic enzyme rt-PA to accumulate at the thrombus position, and can be released at a fixed point, which solves the problem of its short half-life. This is a very innovative and cutting-edge attempt in the field of antithrombotic therapy.

Data show that the combination of urokinase in the treatment of various thrombotic diseases is an important application expansion direction of YB1 technology. At present, the company has deployed a number of YB1 thrombolytic product pipelines, including the first-generation targeted thrombus ablation product YB1 -rt-PA, and YB1 combined defibrase and plasmin products YB1-rt-DE and YB1-rt-PL, hope to make more new progress in the field of innovative research and development as soon as possible.