123
123

123

Heart Attack Treatment Day: YB1 innovation to prevent myocardial infarction and make thrombolysis the last line of defense

Tips: How Heart Attack Day came about

Last Saturday was the eighth Heart Attack Treatment Day in China. In recent years, acute heart attacks have become more frequent and even younger and have claimed many lives. The establishment of Heart Attack Day has also helped the general public to pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of heart attacks and to be able to detect the signs and identify the misconceptions in a more timely manner.

Tips: How Heart Attack Day came about

In order to raise public awareness of the seriousness of heart attacks and the importance of prevention and treatment, and to popularise the standardized treatment process for acute myocardial infarction, China established the “Heart Attack Treatment Day” for the first time in 2014, setting 20 November each year as the “China 1120 Heart Attack Treatment Day The day was established on 20 November each year as “China 1120 Heart Attack Treatment Day”. The reason for setting the “Heart Attack Treatment Day” on November 20 is that we all want to remember the two “120s”: to call 120 emergency numbers promptly, and to grasp the golden 120 minutes of treatment. It is the only way to build a solid front against heart attacks.

Understanding acute myocardial infarction — chest pain is not the only symptom.

A comprehensive understanding of heart attack as a health killer and its prevention and treatment is key to reducing the risk of sudden death.

What is a heart attack? By heart attack, we generally mean acute myocardial infarction, which is myocardial necrosis caused by acute, persistent ischemia and hypoxia in the coronary arteries. It is characterized by severe and persistent retrosternal pain that rest or nitrates are not completely relieved, with increased serum myocardial enzyme activity and progressive electrocardiographic changes.

In the context of cardiovascular disease, a heart attack can be considered the most serious type of coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease, CDA or coronary heart disease is a form of myocardial ischemia (MI) and angina or myocardial infarction heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries or blockage due to atherosclerosis, hence the name ischaemic heart disease.

CAD is the most common organ disease caused by atherosclerosis, with high morbidity and mortality, and is often accompanied by complex lesions. Complex lesions in coronary vessels usually include calcified lesions, bifurcation lesions, chronic total occlusions, unprotected left coronary artery trunk lesions, and diffuse lesions.

Studies in the industry suggest that CAD accounts for a high proportion of heart disease and is one of the most serious causes of death for most heart patients. CAD is the leading cause of death among all cardiovascular diseases. Statistics show that in 2019, 8.9 million people will die from CAD worldwide, compared to 1.8 million in China.

If understood in layman’s terms, a heart attack is when a blood vessel supplying blood to the heart is blocked by a blood clot, resulting in ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle, so the typical symptoms are mostly located in the chest where the heart is located. The pain often starts behind the sternum or in the precordial area and is at least the size of a palm. Most acute heart attacks do not result in the immediate collapse after the onset unless cardiac arrest occurs, as in the TV series. It usually lasts more than 15 minutes or even several hours and does not resolve independently, and nitroglycerin or quick-acting heart pills are ineffective.

Professional medical practitioners say that when an acute heart attack occurs, it usually manifests itself as angina. However, this angina, in the vast majority of people, does not manifest itself as a distinct pain in the precordial region, many may manifest itself as a feeling of compression and urgency in the chest, and we find that many people subconsciously unfold their right hand and press it against the precordial region when describing this distress, which is a more characteristic manifestation.

Experts also say that several precursor symptoms precede the vast majority of heart attacks. In addition to chest pain, hours or even days before the heart attack, there may be several atypical aura symptoms, such as difficult neck and throat, upper limb and left shoulder pain, persistent back pain, persistent upper abdominal pain, and, in a few cases, toothache or jaw pain.

One of the most common cardiovascular diseases in China: acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

In the field of cardiovascular disease, there are also different typical categories of heart attack, of which acute ST-segmentlevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in China and refers to a category of acute myocardial infarction with typical ischaemic chest pain lasting more than 20 minutes and an electrocardiogram with typical acute ST-segment elevation.

Usually, acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is caused by acute occlusive thrombosis due to coronary plaque damage, leading to massive myocardial necrosis due to prolonged blood supply obstruction and thus endangers the patient’s life.

STEMI is triggered by a persistent blockage of blood supply and may lead to massive myocardial cell necrosis, which is manifested clinically by chest pain, ST-segment elevation, and dynamic evolution of the electrocardiogram. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is a potentially life-threatening and time-sensitive acute condition, and patients must be seen promptly. According to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and the Guidelines for the Rapid Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes, reperfusion therapy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is currently available in the form of PCI surgery and thrombolysis.

If STEMI patients can receive effective reperfusion therapy early, especially within 3 hours of coronary occlusion, it can save large areas of dead myocardium, reduce the infarct size and protect the ventricles. Thrombolysis has specific advantages over PCI, namely that it is relatively inexpensive and less traumatic for the patient and that it is more accessible in our current medical situation.

Overview of clinical demand for thrombolytic therapy for heart attacks

According to a report by Frost & Sullivan, the number of patients with myocardial infarction in China in 2019 was approximately 928,300, of which approximately 696,200 were suffering from acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In 2019, approximately 66% and 46% of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in urban and rural areas in China respectively received reperfusion therapy (mainly including PCI procedures and thrombolytic therapy ).

The number of patients with acute ST-segmentlevation myocardial infarction in China is expected to grow to approximately 801,700 in 2030, driven by factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking habits, and other unhealthy lifestyles, as well as an increase in the rate of reperfusion therapy available to patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

In recent years, China has attached great importance to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. While vigorously promoting the construction of chest pain centers in China, county hospitals are also required to enhance their ability to provide emergency treatment for patients with acute and critical conditions. As a result of the policy drive, the reperfusion treatment rate for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in urban and rural patients in China is expected to reach approximately 80% and 59.5%, respectively, by 2024.

Relevant information shows that in 2019, patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by thrombolysis in urban and rural areas accounted for approximately 27% and 49% of all patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by reperfusion, respectively; The number of patients who could be treated for thrombolysis in China in 2019 was approximately 141,200.

As the structure of healthcare resources continues to be optimized and awareness of the benefits of thrombolysis for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction increases, the proportion of patients treated by reperfusion through thrombolysis will increase further in China in the future, with approximately 219,600 people expected to be treated by thrombolysis by 2024.

Overall, the market demand for thrombolytic drugs in China is broad, with good prospects for future development.

YB1 combined with thrombolytics enters cardiovascular disease treatment as a competitive landscape emerges in the thrombolytic drugs market

In the clinical treatment of acute heart attack, the use of thrombolysis is becoming more and more normal. Thrombolysis has become the last straw and defense line for heart attack patients within the six-hour golden time window. As the market for thrombolytic therapy continues to expand, the competition in the thrombolytic drug market is becoming increasingly fierce.

The industry tracking report shows that the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China in 2019 is about RMB 2.004 billion. At present, the largest single product of thrombolytic drugs in China is alteplase (rt-PA), accounting for about 70.23% of the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China, with a sales scale of about RMB 1.407 billion. The second-largest class of thrombolytic drugs is urokinase, accounting for 14.67% of the market size of thrombolytic drugs in China, with about 294 million yuan. One of the thrombolytic drug industry giants, Puyuk, the core product of Tianshi Li, is the third-largest thrombolytic drug product in China, accounting for about 12.24% of the market size thrombolytic drugs in China.

However, the currently marketed thrombolytic drugs recombinant urokinase and rt-PA have a short half-life of 4–8 minutes and do not alleviate the onset of acute thrombosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more new drugs or therapies to relieve and treat acute thrombosis effectively.

YB1, a biomolecular drug delivery vehicle developed by HKND also, can carry the lysozyme rt-PA to accumulate at the thrombus site and can be released in a targeted manner, solving the problem of its short half-life. It is a very innovative and cutting-edge attempt in antithrombotic therapy, and the combination with urokinase in the treatment of various thrombotic diseases is an important application direction for YB1 technology.

The company has already laid out several pipelines of YB1 thrombolytic products, including YB1-rt-PA, a first-generation targeted thrombus ablation product, and YB1-rt-DE and YB1-rt-PL, products combining YB1 with fibrin-lowering enzyme and fibrinolytic enzyme, and hopes to make more progress in innovative research and development soon.



CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 版权声明

喜欢我的文章吗?
别忘了给点支持与赞赏,让我知道创作的路上有你陪伴。

加载中…

发布评论