YB1's innovative layout enters the thrombolytic drug market as autumn and winter enter the high season of cardiovascular diseases!

With China's continued socio-economic development and rising material living standards, the population's health status should be much better than before. Still, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased significantly in recent years due to factors such as an aging population and unhealthy lifestyles and a period of the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in China, which coincided with a sudden drop in temperature in many parts of the country.

Every year, as autumn and winter approach, the number of emergency macrovascular patients being renewed at the Joint Cardiac Surgery Centres of various hospitals increases significantly as the temperature plummets. Why is this?

Some experts say that lower temperatures can affect the blood supply to the heart itself, causing blood pressure to rise due to vasoconstriction. For patients with a history of hypertension, if they do not control and manage their blood pressure in a timely manner and take their medication as prescribed by their doctors, sudden temperature changes can easily lead to cardiovascular disease, especially aortic coarctation.

It can be said that climate is a barometer of the cardiovascular function of people with hypertension and requires a high degree of vigilance.

Cardiovascular disease prevalence continues to rise, with attention to risk factors such as high blood pressure.

According to the China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2020, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in China continues to rise, with tracking projections putting the number of people with cardiovascular disease in China at 330 million, with two out of every five deaths due to cardiovascular disease.

On 30 August 2021, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice, published online in the European Heart Journal, state that up to 90% of the risk of heart attack, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease can be explained by smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated lipid levels, diabetes, psychosocial factors or alcohol.

Among them, hypertension, as the most important cardiovascular risk factor, significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Bringing a heavy burden to health care and social economy in China, and the corresponding serious situation of hypertension prevention and treatment needs the full attention of the national health administration and medical personnel.

Professional studies have shown a strong causal relationship between blood pressure levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. In a prospective observational study of 61 populations worldwide (approximately 1 million people aged 40-89 years) and the Asia Pacific Cohort Study (APCSC) of 13 countries, including China, office blood pressure levels were strongly associated with stroke and coronary events, with each ten mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure associated with a 53% and 31% increase in the risk of stroke and fatal myocardial infarction, respectively, in Asian populations, higher than The risk of stroke and fatal myocardial infarction was higher in the Asian population by 53% and 31% respectively for each increase in systolic blood pressure, compared to 24% and 21% in the Australian and New Zealand populations.

The 2016 model on cardiovascular risk prediction and health economics assessment in China also suggests increasing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and an ageing population. The number of new stroke patients will increase by 118 million people from 2016-2030. while antihypertensive treatment and lipid control could reduce stroke by 8-30 million people, acute myocardial infarction by 10-20 million people, and 3-10 million cardiovascular deaths over the same period, resulting in an economic benefit of US$932 billion.

Be more alert for aortic coarctation in autumn and winter.

In addition to common cardiovascular diseases such as strokes, aortic coarctation is also a severe concern in the current climate. This common cardiovascular disease can be detonated at any time as a "suicide bomb," threatening the lives of patients.

Experts remind that patients with hypertension need to pay extra attention to the control of their condition during this period, take their medication on time, be alert to the occurrence of aortic coarctation. Once severe chest pain occurs, they should call the 120 emergency number as soon as possible and go to a hospital chest pain center for timely and effective diagnosis and treatment.

Aortic coarctation is a "double-lumen aorta" in which the inner and middle membranes of the aorta are torn and separated by hypertension and other causes, resulting in the inflow of blood and the separation of the aortic lumen into a true lumen and a false lumen. This cardiovascular disease can cause occlusion of the blood supplying arteries to the brain, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal, lower limbs, and other organs, resulting in severe ischaemic necrosis and failure.

As mentioned above, aortic coarctation is also known as the "bomb that could go off at any time." The symptoms are usually sudden, severe, and constant pain, mainly in the chest, abdomen, and back, accompanied by uncontrollable high blood pressure, profuse sweating, and even rupture of a large blood vessel leading to shock.

Aortic coarctation is recognized as a dangerous disease because, once it has developed, the patient can bleed out at any time due to high blood pressure, emotional stress, or exertion. Patients often faint immediately and die within minutes, making it a clinically dangerous disease, hence the "ticking time bomb."

Aortic coarctation pain sensations are comparable to those of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and pneumothorax. It may easily lead to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, and therefore if not recognized and treated appropriately in time, the fatality rate can be as high as 90%.

Once diagnosed, such patients must be taken immediately to a cardiac intensive care unit for 24-hour continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring, along with heart rate and blood pressure control. Adequate analgesia reduces aortic pressure and the risk of aortic dissection, and early surgical treatment or endoluminal intervention in the aorta.

Experts explain that patients with aortic coarctation often have the following common problems:

• High blood pressure and lack of effective control
• Irritability
• Irregular work and rest patterns
• Overeating and smoking

As the number of people with hypertension increases, so does the incidence of aortic coarctation.

Experts suggest that patients should work and rest regularly, combine work and rest, stop smoking and drinking, insist on exercise, actively control blood pressure once hypertension is diagnosed, and raise awareness of aortic coarctation to prevent it before it happens.

Rapid growth in the size of thrombolytic drugs in a broad market for the treatment of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease is an aggressive disease that can lead to various adverse symptoms after the onset. If not detected early and treated appropriately, the continued existence of various bad habits may overwhelm the heart and cause lesions to occur in the blood vessels, ultimately threatening life and health.

In line with the treatment approach followed for many diseases, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease also promote 'early detection and early treatment. The main treatment options currently include drugs, thrombolysis, open surgery, and interventional therapy. Thrombolysis is becoming increasingly accessible and has become more common in recent years in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease. The market is growing faster than other treatment paradigms.

Tips.

Thrombolytic therapy is an ultra-early treatment in the acute phase of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Intravenous drugs are administered within 6 hours of the onset of cerebral infarction to dissolve blood clots in the blood vessels. They allow the vessels to recirculate, improving cerebral blood flow, and alleviating neurological deficit symptoms.

According to data, the present market for thrombolytic medications accounts. For around 11% of China's antithrombotic drug market. The market size of this area has been increasing at a rate of about 30% in recent years. As one of the fastest-growing branches of the market in recent years, the application of thrombolytic drugs in clinical practice tends to be normalized.

The commonly used thrombolytic drugs in the market today include urokinase (UK), streptokinase (SK), alteplase (rt-PA), Pro-UK, alteplase (r-PA), and tenecteplase (TNK-Tpa). In addition, several emerging biotechnology companies have also started to develop their presence in the cardiovascular therapeutic area, especially in the thrombolytic therapy segment, and HKND is one of them.

Our core technology product, YB1, can be combined with various thrombolytic drugs to treat various thrombotic diseases. The three existing thrombolytic drug products under development are YB1-rt-PA, YB1-rt-DE, and YB1-rt-PL. The future clinical results are worth looking forward to.

In the autumn and winter months, when cardiovascular disease is at its peak, the current state of development in cardiovascular disease treatment has attracted more attention from the industry and the market. The enthusiasm of innovative biotechnology companies in the research and development of new drugs has, to a certain extent, made the nation more optimistic. We hope that with the concerted efforts of society as a whole, the nation's health will be effectively improved and free from cardiovascular disease.